Yay! Chris is a good opponent. I wish he was more active here.
Justice in the NT is the same term often translated as righteousness, {dikaiosune}, the compound word “fair-togetherness”. Any action that ultimately frustrates the fulfillment of fair-togetherness between persons cannot be justice.
I don’t think anyone can cogently deny that reconciliation (down-reachment, or down-up-reachment, in the NT) involves the fulfillment of fair-togetherness between persons. To act to fulfill reconciliation is basic justice (even if that involves punishment of doers of injustice along the way). To act ultimately against fulfilling reconciliation would be unjust. So again, anyone refusing to be reconciled with God, or even with any creature one has sinned against, is acting unjustly. (I can’t imagine any Christian even distantly supposing otherwise!)
God (per the famous text from Col 1) acts to reconcile to Himself all things needing reconciliation, whether those things are in heaven or on earth. That’s literally another way of saying God acts toward fulfilling dikaiosune, fair-togetherness, between persons.
If God annihilates sinners, God is acting to ensure that there cannot possibly be reconciliation and the fulfillment of fair-togetherness between those sinners and those they have sinned against (first and always against God Himself, but also against any creatures they have sinned against, too.) God Himself would thus be ultimately fulfilling non-fair-togetherness, i.e. to fulfill unrighteousness, injustice. God would also be acting at direct odds to His action to reconcile all things to Himself (whether things on the earth or things in the heaven), schisming against His very purpose of the cross. It would be God Who was authoritatively making the blood of the cross null and void.
If sinners annihilate themselves, that would also be to ultimately fulfill injustice, making it impossible for them to be reconciled with those they have sinned against. It would also either require the authoritative permission of God by Whom all things continue holding together (also per Col 1, not incidentally), or else the proposition tacitly denies even supernaturalistic theism, much moreso trinitarian theism.
This is topically linked to the concept of ortho-trin being uniquely and exclusively ground for universal reconciliation (of one or another kind); uniquely strong compared to any other type of theism, and exclusively Kath in soteriology over against a Calv or Arm variant (including such variants in the ancient “katholic” communions, ironically.)
Which is a topic Chris was hoping to discuss with me on his radio show sometime early this year.
At any rate, there are numerous texts from the OT which involve repentant sinners, previously punished by God, and restored by God to loyal fellowship with God, praising God for His justice; and there are direct callbacks to this in the NT occasionally, especially in RevJohn and the Pauline epistles. Leaving aside whether these repentant sinners were saved post-mortem and/or in the Day of the Lord to come, it ought to be sufficiently obvious that only the unfallen and the repentant and reconciled former sinners can value the justice of God at all; and that only if a sinner is penitent, forgiven and reconciled can they come to value the justice of God’s whole-ruination of sinners (including themselves). Even Arms and Calvs recognize this when they pray the Psalm for God to pulverize (or make contrite) our stubborn hearts (although they may not recognize this is also what Psalm 23 is talking about when we pray for goodness and mercy most certainly to pursue us for all the days of our soul, with the intention to overthrow us as rebels against goodness and mercy. But they might recognize it in being comforted by the rod as well as the staff of God in the same Psalm!)
Which I would say also has relation to the proper translation of 2 Thess 1. As Chris will hopefully recall. But the principle holds even if the translation there could mean something else than sinners coming to value the justice of God’s whole-ruination.
But annihilated sinners cannot ever possibly come to value God’s justice. And God in annihilating them, or in authoritatively permitting themselves to render themselves permanently incapable of repentance (assuming that’s even possible, although I think it is totally illogical to say that God respects someone’s free will enough to let them destroy their own free will, much moreso to do it for them), will have been the one authoritatively responsible for ensuring that they cannot ever possibly come to value justice.
When Christ, although sinless Himself, insists on being baptized by the Baptist, He does so literally “in order to fulfill all fair-togetherness”. If Christ annihilates sinners, He acts against His own baptism; they are not even washed in the baptism of John shared by Jesus, much less washed in the Spirit (or?) even in fire!–the fire of Christ hasn’t washed them but permanently eliminated any possibility of fair-togetherness being fulfilled in regard to them!
It is said that God judges the earth (and even wages war against sinners) in “fair-togetherness”. For example Acts 17:31, a judging that involves the charge that all persons everywhere are to repent, v.30; in Rev 19:11 Christ judges and battles in fair-togetherness, smiting the pagans and shepherding them with an iron rod (exactly as in the Hebrew of Psalm 23!) If God annihilates them, then He acts against His own judgment and righteousness in waging war, and against His own charge that all persons everywhere are to repent, and against His own shepherding with the rod of iron.
In Romans 3:25-26, God does not only display fair-togetherness by being one Who makes just whoever is out of the faith of Jesus in the sense of those who are in the faith of Jesus, but explicitly by purposing Christ Jesus as a mercy-seat for those who are currently outside the faith of Jesus (else they could never come into the faith in His blood), even going so far as to pass over the penalties of sins which occurred before in the forbearance of God. The fair-togetherness of God is not only for those who are already loyal to God (which I am not convinced the Greek here is even talking about in any regard), but for those who are not already loyal to God so that they may someday be loyal to God through Christ Jesus and the faith in His blood. God justifies, brings to actually be just, those who are irreverent (as per Rom 4:5, out of too many examples to even begin mentioning). This is all entirely straightforward and coherent; and explains how (per 3:3) our own injustice (non-fair-togetherness) commends God’s fair-togetherness, without negating God’s judgment of the world in sin, nor God’s indignation on the unjust, nor allowing that we ought to do evil so that good may come.
But if God annihilates sinners, or by His authority allows them to annihilate themselves, He acts finally to authoritatively frustrate His own action of fair-togetherness displayed by saving sinners from their sins!
More examples could be adduced, but I’m out of time for the morning. Considering that Edward Fudge will be in Middle Tennessee this summer at the Christian Scholars’ Conference (on a panel with Tom Talbott and Jim Walls no less), I’m hoping to spar quite a bit with Chris in preparation and connection to that.