Here’s some notes I once made about the figure of Sophia in the Hebrew and Christian Testaments. They may be useful - but then again, they may not be
WISDOM IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
‘Wisdom’ appears in the Hebrew Testament –both in the Masoretic Hebrew text and in the additional books of the Greek Septuagint translation (that were also seen as inspired by the first Christians). Wisdom, Chokhmah (Hebrew), Sophia (Greek), Sapienta (Latin) is the feminine personification of God’s presence and creative and redemptive activity in the cosmos. Wisdom is the pattern that connects in all things. ‘She’ speaks and is spoken of in terms of ‘delight’, warm hospitality, friendliness towards human beings etc…, and – very beautifully – as a fine mist rising.
‘’ When he [the LORD] established the heavens, I was there; when he drew a circle on the face of the deep, when he made firm the skies above, when he established the fountains of the deep, when he assigned to the sea its limit, so that the waters might not transgress his command, when he marked out the foundations of the earth, then I was beside him, like a master workman, and I was daily his delight, rejoicing before him always, rejoicing in his inhabited world and delighting in the children of man.’’ (Proverbs 8: 22-31)
‘’Come eat of my bread, and drink of the wine I have mixed’’ (Proverbs 9:5)
‘’Come to me, you who desire me, and eat your fill of my fruits. For the memory of me is sweeter than honey, and the possession of me sweeter than the honeycomb. Those who eat of me will hunger for more, and those who drink of me will thirst for more. Whoever obeys me will not be put to shame, and those who work with me will not sin.’’ (Sirach 24: 19-22)
‘’Wisdom is a spirit friendly to humanity’’ (Wisdom of Solomon 1:6)
‘Like a fine mist she rises from divine power, a pure emanation of the Almighty’s glory, and nothing impure can enter her, even stealthily. She is the reflection of the everlasting light, the flawless mirror of the divine power, and the image of his goodness… She spans the world from end to end in power, and orders all things well.’’ (Wisdom of Solomon – Chapter 7)
JESUS AS ‘FEMININE’ WISDOM IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
‘What the Jews said about Wisdom, the early Christian hymn makers and epistle writers now came to say of Jesus; he is the image of the invisible God (Colossians 1:5); the radiant light of God’s glory (Hebrews. 1:3); the firstborn of all creation (Colossians 1:15); the one through whom all things were made (1 Corinthians. 8:6). Likewise, the way in which Judaism characterised Sophia in her dealings with human beings, Gospel writers now came to portray Jesus; he calls out to the heavy burdened to come to him and find rest (Matthew. 11 28-30); he makes people friends of God (John. 15:15), and gifts those that love him with loafs (John 17:2)’’
(Elizabeth A. Johnson, ‘She Who Is’, p.95)
‘’Now the idea that Wisdom is the saviour is also present in the New Testament. An explicit statement is found in 1 Corinthians 1:24: ‘’Christ, the power of God and the wisdom of God.’’ It is implied in Colossians 1: 15 – 20, with its allusion to the creative role of Personified Wisdom described in Proverbs 8. The Proverbs text must also lie at the very heart of the first chapter of John, even though the word ‘Sophia’ (=wisdom) is replaced by Logos (=reason).’’
(Frances M. Young, ‘Construing the Cross’, p. 91)