I have previously understood the terms “in Adam” and “in Christ” in the same fashion as the writer of Hebrews explains about Levi, when the writer says that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek because he was “in the loins” of Abraham. In other words, Levi descended from Abraham.
I understand “in Adam” as every human in the world who has ever been born - who has descended from Adam.
I understand “in Christ” as all those who have been born again of the Spirit, who become at that time children of God - they are new creatures descended from Christ.
So, I have seen this passage (specifically v.22) used as an evidence for UR, but I tend to understand it as evidence for annihilation.
I understand the following from the passages above… starting with v20:
- Those born from Adam die, always
- Those born from Christ will be made alive
- There is an order to the resurrection
… a) first Christ is resurrected (translated as Christ the firstfruits)
… b) then those who belong to Christ (those who are of Christ) - Christ rules, putting enemies in subjection, under His feet
- Death is destroyed. (“rendered powerless” in the Greek)
At point 5, those who are in Christ have already been made alive, and those who are in Adam are presumably already dead. So, at the time that death is rendered powerless, those who are “in Adam” are already annihilated and will not benefit from this.
I say that those “in Adam” are annihilated because that is what v.18 says. Paul is explaining that the resurrection is a real event that will take place. And he admits that if it were not a real event, then those who have already died with faith are still in their sins have been annihilated.
The word “perished” in the ESV is the greek “appollymi”, which means complete ruin or destruction, annihilation.
Am I missing something here? I just don’t see this passage to be a support for Universal Reconciliation. I also don’t see Eternal Conscious Torment.
Doesn’t “in Christ” always mean “those who are born of God by faith in him”?
(I don’t mean in the grammatical sense of whether “en to Christo” means “because of”, “by”, “through”, etc., but in the contextual sense, especially when compared to “in Adam”)