Hi Jason,
I’m not sure whether this thread is still “open”. I re-discovered this in my drafts and thought I may as well post it. I was wondering whether the universalists have to be Trinitarian (though I don’t think John Hick was a trinitarian)?
I would love to read more about Hosea Ballou (his historical influence was noted in Christian Universalism: The Current Debate, but his theology seemed to be absent.)
And I’d like to nominate Adin Ballou, though I doubt he is of big enough influence (or robust or orthodox enough — he was essentially a simultaneous-modalist). Though he did lead the Restorationist-UR movement from within and without the Universalist Church of the nineteenth century (even if he wasn’t its pioneer). He was also an exemplary abolitionist, pacifist and socialist (greatly influencing the Christian anarchist thought of Tolstoy, who regarded him as the greatest American writer. This is a pretty impressive compliment coming from Tolstoy who many regard to be the greatest novelist). Ballou ran a truly remarkable race — delivered eight to nine thousand sermons, married one thousand couples, wrote about five hundred articles, edited a journal and founded a utopian community. There are numerous theological and historical works concerning Adin Ballou available at the Friends of Adin Ballou website.
If I remember correctly, Adin originally attempted to defend ECT against Hosea’s ultra-universalism (a third-cousin). He was eventually led to believe that ECT was erroneous (though there was an ultra-U sweetheart that might have helped him with this conviction — he was only allowed to marry her if he converted to universalism ). He was admitted to the Universalist Church as a minister, but had retained a view which was then called Restorationism — the belief that rehabilitative punishment would follow final judgement. The Universalist Church who had welcomed him into their fold, heavily derided his purgatorial views and eventually ousted him from the church (a course he ultimately initiated and welcomed).
There is a better introduction to his life here. It claims he was married before his conversion, but I’m pretty certain I read otherwise. Anyway, it’ll be more accurate than my recalled biography above.
I could not endorse Adin Ballou enough. Though he might have a slightly naive and homespun theology, he has been an unshakeable influence on my own life (in many ways) and has led me to Christ.